Under aerobic conditions, if the bacterial species can conduct aerobic respiration, oxygen acts as the final electron acceptor for the electron transport chain located in the plasma membrane of prokaryotes.
In the final stage of respiration, ATP is formed through a series of electron transfer reactions within the cytoplasmic membrane that drive the oxidative phosphorylation of ADP to ATP. Bacteria use various flavins, cytochrome, and non-heme iron components as well as multiple cytochrome oxidases for this process.
Respiration takes place when any organic compound (usually carbohydrate) is oxidized completely to CO2 and H2O. In aerobic respiration, molecular O2 serves as the terminal acceptor of electrons. For anaerobic respiration, NO3–, SO42–, CO2, or fumarate can serve as terminal electron acceptors (rather than O2), depending on the bacterium studied.
TCA cycle signalling and the evolution of eukaryotes Dylan G. Ryan,2 Christian Frezza,2 and Luke A.J. O’Neill1 Curr Opin Biotechnol. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2020 Nov 18. Published in final edited form as: Curr Opin Biotechnol. 2020 Oct 30; 68: 72–88. Published online 2020 Oct 30. doi: 10.1016/j.copbio.2020.09.014 PMCID: PMC7116391 EMSID: EMS103921 PMID: 33137653 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7116391/
Analysis of compaction initiation in human embryos by using time-lapse cinematography Embryo Biology Open access Published: 09 March 2014 Volume 31, pages 421–426, (2014) https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10815-014-0195-2
Fig. 1. ZO-1 protein expression is stage-specific in developing mouse embryos freshly collected from the reproductive tracts during preimplantation period of pregnancy. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012160608002121
human compaction
Human Embryos Developing in Vitro are Susceptible to Impaired Epithelial Junction Biogenesis Correlating with Abnormal Metabolic Activity 2007 https://academic.oup.com/humrep/article/22/8/2214/645208
Gene expression regulating epithelial intercellular junction biogenesis during human blastocyst development in vitro 2003年
Expression of cell adhesion molecules during human preimplantation embryo development D J Bloor 1, A D Metcalfe, A Rutherford, D R Brison, S J Kimber Mol Hum Reprod . 2002 Mar;8(3):237-45. doi: 10.1093/molehr/8.3.237. 本文無料 PDF
Compaction and surface polarity in the human embryo in vitro G Nikas 1, A Ao, R M Winston, A H Handyside Biol Reprod . 1996 Jul;55(1):32-7. doi: 10.1095/biolreprod55.1.32. 本文有料
Mechanical strengthening of cell-cell adhesion during mouse embryo compaction Ludmilla de Plater Julie Firmin Jean-Léon Maître Open AccessPublished:March 25, 2024DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2024.03.028 Compaction requires the cell-cell adhesion molecule Cdh1, also known as E-cadherin and initially calleduvomorulin after it was discovered in compacting mouse embryos.
Cell-cell adhesions in embryonic stem cells regulate the stability and transcriptional activity of β-catenin FEBS Lett. 2022 Jul; 596(13): 1647–1660. Published FEBS Lett. 2022 Jul; 596(13): 1647–1660. Published online 2022
Cell-cell adhesions in embryonic stem cells regulate the stability and transcriptional activity of β-catenin Apr 6. doi: 10.1002/1873-3468.14341 PMCID: PMC10156795 NIHMSID: NIHMS1793009 PMID: 35344589
Published: 06 August 2020 Transcriptomic analysis reveals differential gene expression, alternative splicing, and novel exons during mouse trophoblast stem cell differentiation Rahim Ullah, Ambreen Naz, Hafiza Sara Akram, Zakir Ullah, Muhammad Tariq, Aziz Mithani & Amir Faisal Stem Cell Research & Therapy volume 11, Article number: 342 (2020) https://stemcellres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13287-020-01848-8
Volume 21, Issue 13, 26 December 2017, Pages 3957-3969 Journal home page for Cell Reports Resource Protein Expression Landscape of Mouse Embryos during Pre-implantation Development https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211124717317953
How Adhesion Forms the Early Mammalian Embryo 2015White わかりやすい実験データの図およびまとめの細胞シグナルの図
Making the first decision: lessons from the mouse Agnieszka Jedrusikcorresponding author 1 , 2 Reprod Med Biol. 2015 Oct; 14(4): 135–150. Published online 2015 Apr 16. doi: 10.1007/s12522-015-0206-8 PMCID: PMC5715835 PMID: 29259411 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5715835/
RNA-Seq Transcriptome Profiling of Equine Inner Cell Mass and Trophectoderm1 Khursheed Iqbal, James L. Chitwood, Geraldine A. Meyers-Brown, Janet F. Roser, Pablo J. Ross Author Notes Biology of Reproduction, Volume 90, Issue 3, 1 March 2014, 61, 1-9, https://doi.org/10.1095/biolreprod.113.113928 Published: 01 March 2014
Changes in sub-cellular localisation of trophoblast and inner cell mass specific transcription factors during bovine preimplantation development Zofia E Madeja, Jaroslaw Sosnowski, Kamila Hryniewicz, Ewelina Warzych, Piotr Pawlak, Natalia Rozwadowska, Berenika Plusa & Dorota Lechniak BMC Developmental Biology volume 13, Article number: 32 (2013) Published: 13 August 2013 https://bmcdevbiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-213X-13-32
ORAL PRESENTATION | OTHER: ART| VOLUME 94, ISSUE 4, SUPPLEMENT , S21, SEPTEMBER 2010 PDF [42 KB] Save Share Reprints Request Differential gene expression profiles between human embryo on day-3 and trophoblast cells on day-5: specific molecular signature S. Assou D. Haouzi F. Pellestor H. Dechaud J. De Vos S. Hamamah DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2010.07.082 https://www.fertstert.org/article/S0015-0282(10)01187-8/fulltext
Tight junction biogenesis during early development 2008年レビュー論文 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0005273607003562
Development . 2004 Dec;131(23):5817-24. doi: 10.1242/dev.01458. Epub 2004 Nov 3. Stabilization of beta-catenin in the mouse zygote leads to premature epithelial-mesenchymal transition in the epiblast https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15525667/
15 SEPTEMBER 2004 Maternal β-catenin and E-cadherin in mouse development Wilhelmine N. de Vries, Alexei V. Evsikov, Bryce E. Haac, Karen S. Fancher, Andrea E. Holbrook, Rolf Kemler, Davor Solter, Barbara B. Knowles Author and article information Development (2004) 131 (18): 4435–4445. https://journals.biologists.com/dev/article/131/18/4435/42290/Maternal-catenin-and-E-cadherin-in-mouse
Regulation of cell adhesion during embryonic compaction of mammalian embryos: roles for PKC and beta-catenin C M Pauken 1, D G Capco Mol Reprod Dev . 1999 Oct;54(2):135-44. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2795(199910)54:2<135::AID-MRD5>3.0.CO;2-A. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10471473/
参考
aPKC
Inactivation of aPKCλ Reveals a Context Dependent Allocation of Cell Lineages in Preimplantation Mouse Embryos Nicolas Dard ,Tran Le,Bernard Maro,Sophie Louvet-Vallée Published: September 21, 2009 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0007117 https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0007117
カテニンの細胞接着における役割
Cadherins:single transmembrane domain glycoproteins that mediate calcium-dependent cell–cell adhesion via homophilic interactions
The intracellular domain of E-cadherin associates with a protein family collectively termed catenins.
β-catenin and γ-catenin (plakoglobin) interact directly with E-cadherin’s COOH-terminal domain in a mutually exclusive way, and both proteins associate with α-catenin, which links the cadherin complexes to the actin cytoskeleton and mediates stable cell adhesion.
p120ctn is another catenin family member, which binds to the cytoplasmic juxtamembrane portion of E-cadherin and influences E-cadherin clustering and adhesive strength.
核内β-catenin–LEF/TCF複合体はhistone acetylase p300/CBPなどのコアクチベーターと結合して、TATA-binding protein TBPの発現を促進したり, groucho-related gene 5 などとの結合により遺伝子発現を抑制したりする。
(とある論文のイントロ部分のまとめ)
OCT4 Coordinates with WNT Signaling to Pre-pattern Chromatin at the SOX17 Locus during Human ES Cell Differentiation into Definitive Endoderm Stem Cell Reports. 2015 Oct 13; 5(4): 490–498. Published online 2015 Sep 24. doi: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2015.08.014 PMCID: PMC4624996 PMID: 26411902
The E-Cadherin and N-Cadherin Switch in Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition: Signaling, Therapeutic Implications, and Challenges Cells. 2019 Oct; 8(10): 1118. Published online 2019 Sep 20. doi: 10.3390/cells8101118 PMCID: PMC6830116 PMID: 31547193 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6830116/
The terminology of “endoderm” is confusing for the mouse, where first, the layer of extraembryonic tissues covering the epiblast is also termed endoderm, and second, the endoderm is initially the outermost germ layer of the embryo due to an “inside-out” arrangement of germ layers. 内胚葉という呼称が混乱を招きやすい理由2つ
The extraembryonic “endoderm” surrounding the early epiblast is the visceral endoderm and it is derived from the inner cell mass of the blastocyst
The epiblast of the mouse embryo contains the precursors of the definitive endoderm 内胚葉の細胞の起源は、エピブラスト細胞
The epiblast of the mouse embryo is a cup-shaped epithelial layer covered on its basal surface by the visceral endoderm. カップ状の形状
After egression from the primitive streak, definitive endoderm cells are incorporated into the pre-existing epithelium, the visceral endoderm. 内胚葉細胞は置き換えが起きる
マウス初期胞胚がエッグシリンダーの形状をとることについて:人間との違い
Mice go through egg cylinder stages of development, whereas primates form a bi-laminar disc.
New paper by the Zernicka-Goetz group shows that cross-talk between the embryonic epiblast and the extraembryonic trophectoderm orchestrates the transformation of the blastocyst to the egg cylinder
Modeling Mammalian Commitment to the Neural Lineage Using Embryos and Embryonic Stem Cells REVIEW article Front. Physiol., 11 July 2019 Sec. Developmental Physiology Volume 10 – 2019 | Each blastomere is totipotent and expresses genetic markers of the future pluripotent inner cell mass (ICM) (e.g., Oct4, Nanog and Rex1) as well as extraembryonic lineages (e.g., Gata6 and Sox17) (Figure 1; Medvedev et al., 2008; Toyooka et al., 2008; Kellner and Kikyo, 2010; Niakan et al., 2010; Wamaitha et al., 2015). At 5.5 dpc the embryo is known as the egg cylinder.
前方臓側内胚葉 anterior visceral endoderm (AVE)とは
A–P polarity is established in the mouse embryo when the distal visceral endoderm (DVE) migrates toward the future anterior side at embryonic day (E) 5.5 (refs. 2,3,4,5,6,7). Concomitant with DVE migration, all visceral endoderm (VE) cells in the embryonic region undergo global movement, resulting in the localization of some VE cells at the distal tip of the embryo. These VE cells at the distal tip will become the anterior visceral endoderm (AVE) and migrate toward the future anterior side of the embryo by following the migration of DVE8.
Both Nodal signalling and stochasticity select for prospective distal visceral endoderm in mouse embryos Nature Communications Published: 14 November 2017 https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-017-01625-x
Nodal signaling from the visceral endoderm is required to maintain Nodal gene expression in the epiblast and drive AVE migration Dev Biol. 2015 Apr 1; 400(1): 1–9. doi: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2014.12.016 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4806383/
Role of the anterior visceral endoderm in restricting posterior signals in t he mouse embryo February 2001The International Journal of Developmental Biology 45(1):311-20 February 200145(1):311-20 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/12041905_Role_of_the_anterior_visceral_endoderm_in_restricting_posterior_signals_in_the_mouse_embryo
Electromagnetic Fields and Cancer in Children Residing Near Norwegian High-Voltage Power Lines March 1997American Journal of Epidemiology 145(3):219-26 March 1997145(3):219-26 DOI:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009094 SourcePubMed Authors: Tore Tynes Retired T Haldorsen https://www.researchgate.net/publication/14195360_Electromagnetic_Fields_and_Cancer_in_Children_Residing_Near_Norwegian_High-Voltage_Power_Lines
BMJ. 1996 Oct 26; 313(7064): 1047–1051. doi: 10.1136/bmj.313.7064.1047 PMCID: PMC2352388 PMID: 8898595 Magnetic fields of high voltage power lines and risk of cancer in Finnish adults: nationwide cohort study. P. K. Verkasalo, E. Pukkala, J. Kaprio, K. V. Heikkilä, and M. Koskenvuo The previously suggested associations between extremely low frequency magnetic fields and tumours of the nervous system, lymphoma, and leukaemia in adults and breast cancer in women were not confirmed.
epidemiologic research has rather consistently found associations between residential magnetic field exposure and cancer. This is most evident for leukemia in children.
Environ Health Perspect. 1995 Mar; 103(Suppl 2): 59–62. doi: 10.1289/ehp.95103s259 PMCID: PMC1518848 PMID: 7614949 Childhood leukemia and residential exposure to weak extremely low frequency magnetic fields. M Feychting and A Ahlbom https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1518848/
Schreiber GH, Swaen GM, Meijers JM, Slangen JJ, Sturmans F. Cancer mortality and residence near electricity transmission equipment: a retrospective cohort study. Int J Epidemiol. 1993 Feb;22(1):9–15. [PubMed] Using the Dutch population registry it was possible to identify retrospectively 3549 inhabitants of the quarter who lived there for at least 5 years between 1956 and 1981. Of these 1552 study subjects lived within 100 m of the electricity transmission equipment and were exposed to magnetic field intensity of 1.0-11.0 milliGauss. The overall standardized mortality ratio and cancer mortality ratios were either not or only slightly elevated. The study does not support previously reported associations of exposure to ELF electromagnetic fields with leukaemia, brain cancer and breast cancer.
Am J Epidemiol . 1993 Oct 1;138(7):467-81. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116881. Magnetic fields and cancer in children residing near Swedish high-voltage power lines M Feychting 1, A Ahlbom https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8213751/ A case-control study was conducted to test the hypothesis that exposure to magnetic fields of the type generated by high-voltage power lines increases cancer incidence in children.