12.1: Introduction to Redox (LibreText Chemistry) Electrons in an organic redox reaction often are transferred in the form of a hydride ion – a proton and two electrons. Because they occur in conjunction with the transfer of a proton, these are commonly referred to as hydrogenation and dehydrogenation reactions: a hydride plus a proton adds up to a hydrogen (H2) molecule.
Does TCA Cycle require oxygen? BYJU’S Despite the fact that oxygen isn’t directly involved in the TCA cycle, if it isn’t available, the TCA cycle will come to a halt due to a lack of NAD+ and FAD.
Anti-diuretic hormone helps to control blood pressure by acting on the kidneys and the blood vessels. Its most important role is to conserve the fluid volume of your body by reducing the amount of water passed out in the urine. It does this by allowing water in the urine to be taken back into the body in a specific area of the kidney. （Anti-diuretic hormone）
Cardiovascular effect of the antidiuretic hormone arginine vasopressin Klin Wochenschr . 1985 Oct 1;63(19):989-99. doi: 10.1007/BF01737635. The two major biological actions of vasopressin are antidiuresis and vasoconstriction. ‥ Vasopressin contributes substantially via increase in systemic vascular resistance to maintain blood pressure during water deprivation. During hemorrhage and hypotension vasopressin has a major role to restore blood pressure.
Antidiuretic hormone yourhormones.info Antidiuretic hormone is also called vasopressin because it causes vasoconstriction – constriction of blood vessels.
幸せホルモンと腸内環境の関係 2021 Aug 26 最新の研究では、精神を安定させる神経伝達ホルモンである「セロトニン」の９０％は、脳ではなく腸でつくられていることが明らかとなりました。
粒子分離 ベックマン 血液は血漿（水とその他の多くの化合物からなる溶液）と、それに懸濁している数種類の粒子、すなわち赤血球、白血球および血小板からなります。‥ 大きな細胞は小さな細胞よりも素早く沈降します。したがって、大きさと沈降速度に十分な差がある場合には、ある種類の細胞を別の種類の細胞から分離することができます。たとえば、血小板は赤血球および白血球に比べてかなり小さいため、分離することが可能です。ここで必要なのは、遠心力と時間を正しく選択することだけです。血液を2,900 x gで3分間だけ遠心することによって、この時点では血小板が重い細胞と共に沈降するだけの時間にはまだ達していないため、血小板を、血小板を多く含む上層の血漿から回収することができます。
Int J Cardiol . 1987 Feb;14(2):189-203. doi: 10.1016/0167-5273(87)90008-8. Serotonin and the vascular wall P M Vanhoutte PMID: 3818135 DOI: 10.1016/0167-5273(87)90008-8
If we had two potential electron carriers, such as NADH and coenzyme Q, for example, how would we know whether electrons would be more likely to be transferred from the NADH to the coenzyme Q or the other way around? This is determined by measuring a reduction potential for each of the carriers. A molecule with a high reduction potential tends to be reduced if it is paired with a molecule with a lower reduction potential. （Reduction Potentials in the Electron Transport Chain）
下の解説記事も非常に明解な説明でわかりやすい。
fumarate + 2H+ + 2 e– succinate E°’ = 0.030 V
FAD + 2H+ + 2 e– F ADH2 E°’ = -0.180 V
remember the rule that a higher E°’ value indicates a stronger tendency for the compound to gain electrons.
fumarate + FADH2 succinate + FAD Redox Reactions (https://sceweb.sce.uhcl.edu/wang/biochem/redox/4_reduction_potential.html University of Houston-Clear Lake Dr. Wang’s Homepage)
Extremophilic Oxidoreductases for the Industry: Five Successful Examples With Promising Projections Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol., 12 August 2021 Sec. Industrial Biotechnology Volume 9 – 2021 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2021.710035
An uncharacteristically low-potential flavin governs the energy landscape of electron bifurcation PNAS March 15, 2022 119 (12) e2117882119 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2117882119
Reversible, Electrochemical Interconversion of NADH and NAD+ by the Catalytic (Iλ) Subcomplex of Mitochondrial NADH:Ubiquinone Oxidoreductase (Complex I) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2003, 125, 20, 6020–6021 Publication Date:April 30, 2003 https://doi.org/10.1021/ja0343961
pyrrole, any of a class of organic compounds of the heterocyclic series characterized by a ring structure composed of four carbon atoms and one nitrogen atom. (Britanica)
