Notch signaling regulates left–right asymmetry determination by inducing Nodal expression Luke T Krebs 1,4, Naomi Iwai 2,3,4, Shigenori Nonaka 2,3, Ian C Welsh 1, Yu Lan 1,5, Rulang Jiang 1,5, Yukio Saijoh 2, Timothy P O’Brien 1, Hiroshi Hamada 2,3,6, Thomas Gridley 1,7 Genes Dev. 2003 May 15;17(10):1207–1212. doi: 10.1101/gad.1084703 https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC196059/
Notch activity acts as a sensor for extracellular calcium during vertebrate left–right determination Ángel Raya, Yasuhiko Kawakami, Concepción Rodríguez-Esteban, Marta Ibañes, Diego Rasskin-Gutman, Joaquín Rodríguez-León, Dirk Büscher, José A. Feijó & Juan Carlos Izpisúa Belmonte Nature volume 427, pages121–128 (2004)
Notch activity induces Nodal expression and mediates the establishment of left–right asymmetry in vertebrate embryos Genes Dev. 2003 May 15;17(10):1213–1218. doi: 10.1101/gad.1084403 https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC196060/
Developmental Biology Asymmetric distribution of dynamic calcium signals in the node of mouse embryo during left–right axis formation Developmental Biology Volume 376, Issue 1, 1 April 2013, Pages 23-30 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012160613000365?via%3Dihub
TGIF1 and TGIF2 regulate Nodal signaling and are required for gastrulation. January 2010Development 137(2):249-59 DOI:10.1242/dev.040782 https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Regulation-of-goosecoid-expression-by-Tgifs-AEmbryos-of-the-indicated-ages-and_fig6_40812258
(C)Expression of goosecoid in 8.0 dpc embryos of the indicated genotypes was analyzed by in situ hybridization. (D)Sections through the embryos in C.
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In vitro modelling of anterior primitive streak patterning with human pluripotent stem cells identifies the path to notochord progenitors Posted April 22, 2024. bioRxiv https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.01.543323v3.full
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The Organizer and Its Signaling in Embryonic Development J Dev Biol. 2021 Nov 1;9(4):47. doi: 10.3390/jdb9040047 https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8628936/ MDPI誌オープンアクセス論文
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Fig. 1. (A) A secondary axis can be induced in developing Xenopus embryos by injection of RNA encoding β-catenin into a ventral cell of 4-cell stage embryos. Ventral cells are usually distinguished by their larger size and darker pigment compared to dorsal cells. For detailed methods see (Kuhl and Pandur, 2008a). (B) The duplicated axis is visible in neurula stage embryos within 2 days of injection. Embryos in these images have undergone in situ hybridisation for neuralβ-tubulin to illustrate the bilateral stripes of primary neurons and trigeminal https://www.researchgate.net/publication/272524241_An_oncologist%27s_friend_How_Xenopus_contributes_to_Cancer_research/figures
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総説
Molecular and cellular basis of left–right asymmetry in vertebrates Hiroshi HAMADA Proceedings of the Japan Acade …/Volume 96 (2020) Issue 7/Article overview/Full view Reviews PDF https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/pjab/96/7/96_PJA9607B-04/_pdf/-char/en
Developmental Biology Volume 256, Issue 1, 1 April 2003, Pages 161-173 Developmental Biology Regular article Left–right patterning of the mouse lateral plate requires nodal produced in the node Author links open overlay panel Yukio Saijoh a , Shinya Oki a , Sachiko Ohishi a , Hiroshi Hamada a https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012160602001215
論文Multiple left-right asymmetry defects in Shh2/2 mutant mice unveil a convergence of the Shh and retinoic acid pathways in the control of Lefty-1 の図でもLefty-1は正中線上にしか局在していません。論文の記述(下)をよくよく読んだら、Lefty-1は将来floor plate(神経管の底板)になるところの左側に局在しているのだそうです。弱拡大の写真だとよくわかりませんでした。
FGF-induced vesicular release of Sonic hedgehog and retinoic acid in leftward nodal flow is critical for left–right determination Yosuke Tanaka, Yasushi Okada & Nobutaka Hirokawa Nature volume 435, pages172–177 (2005) Published: 12 May 2005
Multiple left-right asymmetry defects in Shh2/2 mutant mice unveil a convergence of the Shh and retinoic acid pathways in the control of Lefty-1 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAVol. 96, pp. 11376–11381, September 1999https://www.researchgate.net/publication/12800556_Multiple_Left-Right_Asymmetry_Defects_in_Shh–_Mutant_Mice_Unveil_a_Convergence_of_the_Shh_and_Retinoic_Acid_Pathways_in_the_Control_of_Lefty-1
An Additional Limb Can Be Induced from the Flank of the Chick Embryo by FGF4 Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications Volume 209, Issue 3, 26 April 1995, Pages 809-816
肢芽 limb budの細胞は上皮間葉転換によって生じた間葉系細胞か
consensus.aiに訊いてみました。
The formation of vertebrate limb buds is a critical process in developmental biology, involving the transformation of specific cells to initiate limb development. This process is believed to be driven by epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), where epithelial cells convert into mesenchymal cells, which are more migratory and capable of forming the limb structure.
Key Insights
Localized EMT Initiates Limb Bud Formation:
Limb buds form through a localized EMT of the coelomic epithelium within the presumptive limb fields, regulated by genes such as Tbx5 and Fgf1012.
The mesenchymal limb progenitors arise specifically from this EMT process, rather than from differential cell proliferation12.
Role of Lateral Plate Mesoderm (LPM):
The somatic LPM undergoes EMT to produce mesenchymal cells that contribute to limb bud formation. This process is driven by transcriptional regulators like PRRX1 and TWIST1, although further functional data are needed to fully understand these mechanisms2.
Epithelial-Mesenchymal Interactions:
Limb bud development involves interactions between the mesenchymal cells of the lateral plate mesoderm and the overlying ectodermal cells, highlighting the importance of epithelial-mesenchymal interactions in early morphogenesis45.
In Vitro Limb Bud Formation:
Limb bud-like tissues can be induced from murine pluripotent stem cells in vitro, demonstrating the potential to recreate the mesenchymal/epithelial complex tissues necessary for limb development3.
Conclusion
The origin of limb buds is indeed mesenchymal cells derived from epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. This process is initiated by localized EMT in the coelomic epithelium and the somatic lateral plate mesoderm, regulated by specific genes and involving critical epithelial-mesenchymal interactions. These findings underscore the fundamental role of EMT in the early stages of limb bud formation.
Vertebrate Limb bud formation is initiated by localized Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition Jerome Gros 1,#, Clifford J Tabin Science. 2014 Mar 14;343(6176):1253–1256. doi: 10.1126/science.1248228 https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4097009/
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Strahl B.D., Ohba R., Cook R.G., Allis C.D.(1999) Methylation of histone H3 at lysine 4 is highly conserved and correlates with transcriptionally active nuclei in Tetrahymena. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 96:14967–14972. https://www.pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.96.26.14967