In the late 1800s, granulomas were first identified as swellings found in tuberculosis, leprosy, syphilis, and leishmaniasis patients (1). They are now defined as an accumulation of immune cells whose function is to confine a chronic nondegradable product (2). They vary considerably in size, composition, function, and organization (3) and are classified according to their etiology (2, 4, 5). Here, we will focus on the hypersensitivity granuloma, formed as a protective response by the immune system to confine/control pathogen spread. Cytokines play a major role in this type of granuloma formation (6,–10), dictating whether T helper 1 (Th1) or T helper 2 (Th2) granulomas are formed, the latter being less well understood. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6759305/