論文 「動物におけるジフテリアと破傷風の血清療法について」1890年エミール・フォン・ベーリング(1901年ノーベル生理学医学賞)、北里柴三郎 von Behring E, Kitasato S. Ueber das Zustandekommender Diphtherie-Immunität und der Tetanus-Immunitätbei Thieren. Deutsche Medicininischen ochenschrift1890;49:1113-4.
血清療法とは、人工的に作られたポリクローナル抗体(ヒト、他の動物)を含む血清(抗毒素・抗血清とも呼ばれる)を投与して治療すること
当時、ドイツでは「破傷風菌の純粋培養は不可能である」というのが定説だったのです。北里はちょっとしたことをヒントに、破傷風菌が酸素を嫌う「嫌気性菌」であることを見抜いたのでした。さっそく北里は酸素を排除できる細菌培養装置を自作し、ついに1889年、破傷風菌の純粋培養に成功 https://www.serum-therapy.com/about/
- Remembering Emil von Behring: from Tetanus Treatment to Antibody Cooperation with Phagocytes Stefan H E Kaufmann 1, mBio. 2017 Feb 28;8(1):e00117-17. doi: 10.1128/mBio.00117-17 https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5347343/
- Emil von Behring: translational medicine at the dawn of immunology Stefan H. E. Kaufmann (2017) https://cursos.peledigital.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Emil-von-Behring-translational-medicine-at-the-dawn-of-immunology.pdf Emil von Behring (1854–1917) discovered passive immunization as an effective treatment for diphtheria and tetanus. Moreover, he brought this discovery from bench to bedside, and his serum therapy markedly reduced deaths from diphtheria — the ‘strangling angel of children’ — which at the time was feared as the deadliest disease of infants. Thus, together with Paul Ehrlich (1854–1915) and Elie Metchnikoff (1845–1916), he is considered one of the founders of immunology. With the subsequent introduction of vaccines and antibiotics, serum therapy left the limelight. However, the emergence of new pathogens with pandemic potential and antibiotic resistance has rekindled interest in serum therapy using tailormade monoclonal antibodies.
- A centennial review; the 1890 tetanus antitoxin paper of von Behring and Kitasato and the related developments S S Kantha 1 Affiliations Keio J Med . 1991 Mar;40(1):35-9. 10.2302/kjm.40.35. https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/kjm1952/40/1/40_1_35/_article