Glycosides are formed by condensation between the hydroxyl group of the anomeric carbon of monosaccharide, and a second compound that may be another monosaccharide or , in the case of an aglycone, not a sugar.
ハーバー生化学第30版 第15章 Sugars Form Glycosides With Other Compounds & With Each Other
An acetal is an organic molecule where two separate oxygen atoms are single bonded to a central carbon atom. https://byjus.com/chemistry/acetal-explanation/
Glycosidic bond is an ether linkage between two monosaccharides. Oxide or ether linkage between two monosaccharides formed generally by the loss of water. https://byjus.com/question-answer/glycosidic-linkage-is-an-1/
A glycosidic bond or glycosidic linkage is a type of ether bond that joins a carbohydrate (sugar) molecule to another group, which may or may not be another carbohydrate. A glycosidic bond is formed between the hemiacetal or hemiketal group of a saccharide (or a molecule derived from a saccharide) and the hydroxyl group of some compound such as an alcohol. A substance containing a glycosidic bond is a glycoside.
Acetal is not an ether; it’s actually a functional group in organic chemistry. Acetals are formed by the reaction of aldehydes or ketones with alcohols under acidic conditions. They have the general structure R2C(OR’)2, where R and R’ are alkyl or aryl groups. Ethers, on the other hand, have the general structure R-O-R’, where R and R’ can be alkyl or aryl groups. While both acetals and ethers contain oxygen atoms bonded to carbon atoms, their structures and methods of formation are different.
You
It seems that R-O-R’ can be found in R2C(OR’)2. So acetal may be a kind of ether. right?
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You’re correct that both acetal and ether contain the R-O-R’ structure. In fact, acetal is sometimes referred to as a type of ether. However, there are significant differences between them.
Acetals are formed specifically from the reaction of aldehydes or ketones with alcohols under acidic conditions. They are often used as protecting groups in organic synthesis. On the other hand, ethers are a broader class of compounds where the oxygen atom is directly bonded to two organic groups. Ethers are typically formed through the reaction of alkoxide ions with alkyl halides or through Williamson ether synthesis.
So while there are similarities in their structures, their methods of formation and chemical properties are different enough that they are treated as distinct functional groups in organic chemistry.
There are two primary reactions to generate ethers: either by Dehydration of Alcohols or by the Williamson Synthesis. Acyclic ethers can be prepared using Williamson’s synthesis, which involves reacting an alkoxide with a haloalkane. https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Organic_Chemistry/Supplemental_Modules_(Organic_Chemistry)/Ethers/Synthesis_of_Ethers
https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Organic_Chemistry/Supplemental_Modules_(Organic_Chemistry)/Ethers/Synthesis_of_Ethers/Dehydration_of_Alcohols_to_Make_Ethers As shown in the following two equations, the success of this procedure depends on the temperature. At 110º to 130 ºC an SN2 reaction of the alcohol conjugate acid leads to an ether product. At higher temperatures (over 150 ºC) an E2 elimination takes place.
