Gonadal primordia is observed in humans in week 5 of gestation, being under the control ofWT1, NR5A1, NR0B1, CBX1/2, LHX9, EMX2, GATA4, and SIX1/4 [15].
Studies in mice have shown that, at this moment, genes that are associated with Sertoli (testicular) (SOX9, FGF9, PGD2) or granulosa (ovarian) (WNT4, RSPO1, CTNNB1, FST) differentiation are expressed at similar levels in both the XY and XX fetus [16,17,18].
Research Development at MIT https://research.mit.edu/research-development
Research management is a broad field involving the coordination of numerous processes to move research efforts forward, from setting goals and obtaining approval to monitoring progress and ensuring compliance. For research administrators, it is vital to understand what this entails so they can manage projects effectively and make better decisions. https://cayuse.com/blog/5-key-areas-of-research-management/
After I defecate and attempt to wipe, there’s never anything on the toilet paper.
It’s called ghost poop. Your poop is so well made and compacted into the most anal-friendly poop rocket, that it has no time to bother your little bum hole.
Alan Agresti Distinguished Professor Emeritus Department of Statistics University of Florida I was employed by the University of Florida from 1972-2010.
An Introduction to Categorical Data Analysis 邦訳 カテゴリカㇽデータ解析入門 2003年 サイエンティスト社 公立図書館で借りて邦訳の中身を見てみると非常にオーソドックスで読みやすい教科書でした。題材も社会学や医学からとられていて、とっつきやすいと思います。数学的な理論の話にはほとんど全く言及していないので、「使う人向け」の教科書だと思います。第10章に簡潔にですが、カテゴリカㇽデータ解析(CDA)の歴史的な流れが書かれていましたが、それぞれの解析手法の開発が決してあたりまえのことではなく、統計学者同士で批判しあって確立されてきたことが大変興味深いと思いました。新しい手法を誰かが提案すると、スンナリとそれが学界で受け入れられるわけではないんですね。
An Introduction to Categorical Data Analysis (Wiley Series in Probability and Statistics) ハードカバー 400ページ 第3版 2018/11/20 英語版 Alan Agresti (著) ¥18,425 税込 Kindle版 (電子書籍) ¥25,714 (257pt)
An Introduction to Categorical Data Analysisは「入門」と銘打っている通り、入門者向けで、その上位としてもっと詳細なものも執筆されています。
Categorical Data Analysis (Wiley Series in Probability and Statistics) ハードカバー – 2012/12/3 英語版 Alan Agresti (著) ¥15,364 税込 Kindle版 (電子書籍) ¥18,912 (アマゾン)
著者はこんな人(下のインタビュー動画参照)。
Intervista al prof. Alan Agresti Video Istat チャンネル登録者数 4440人
Serendipity, in science, is the ability to discover, invent, create, or imagine a finding — a hypothesis, an explanation, a rule, a theory, a law — without deliberately having looked for it. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-7908-1792-8_14
セレンディピティと科学の発見 英文タイトル:Serendipity and Scientific Discovery. Especially from Nobel Lecture by Koichi Tanaka
A man cannot inquire either about what he knows or about what he does not know. For he cannot inquire about what he knows, because he knows it, and in that case is in no need of inquiry; nor again can he inquire about what he does not know, since he does not know about what he is to inquire.
To find something truly new or unknown, an unpredictable element is also needed: most often a surprising observation followed by a correct abduction (from the Latin, ab-ducere). The observation surprises because it shows something new, which is then explained by a good abduction. For the art of making such an unsought finding, there exists in English even one single word: “serendipity.”
A mass of facts is before us. We go through them. We examine them. We find them a confused snarl, an impenetrable jungle. We are unable to hold them in our minds. We endeavor to set them down upon paper; but they seem so multiplex intricate that we can neither satisfy ourselves that what we have set down represents the facts, nor can we get any clear idea of what it is that we have set down. But suddenly, while we are poring over our digest of the facts and are endeavoring to set them into order, it occurs to us that if we were to assume something to be true that we do not know to be true, these facts would arrange themselves luminously. That is abduction. […] (Peirce 1958a, footnote 12, pp. 531–532).
Discoveries through serendipity are thus associated with the type of reasoning that Peirce (1839–1914) called abduction, which complements deduction and induction. Abduction involves a more intuitive and exploratory way of reasoning, which allows one to provide the best explanation possible of a surprising and unexpected fact (Peirce 1958b).
Ronald S. Lenox: “Educating for the Serendipitous Discovery, Journal of Chemical Education,” Vol.62, No.4, pp282-285,(1985)
Abduction in the Everyday Practice of Science: The Logic of Unintended Experiments Frederick Grinnell https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/3/article/745412
On serendipity in science: discovery at the intersection of chance and wisdom June 2019Synthese 196(April) DOI:10.1007/s11229-017-1544-3 Authors: Samantha Copeland https://www.researchgate.net/publication/319863582_On_serendipity_in_science_discovery_at_the_intersection_of_chance_and_wisdom https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11229-017-1544-3