Essential oils as anticancer agents: Potential role in malignancies, drug delivery mechanisms, and immune system enhancement Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy Volume 146, February 2022, 112514 Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy Review https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0753332221013019
Citral Induced Apoptosis through Modulation of Key Genes Involved in Fatty Acid Biosynthesis in Human Prostate Cancer Cells: In Silico and In Vitro Study Research Article | Open Access Volume 2020 | Article ID 6040727 | https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/6040727 https://www.hindawi.com/journals/bmri/2020/6040727/
In vitro cytotoxicity and anticancer effects of citral nanostructured lipid carrier on MDA MBA-231 human breast cancer cells 2019 https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-38214-xcitral (Cymbopogon citratus)has attracted great attention for its flavor and unique properties. Citral is one of the most abundant compounds extracted from the citrus based plants such as lemon and lemongrass. It is a monoterpene aldehyde consisting of isomers geranial and neral combination. The power of citral in combating cancer problem has attracted researchers to improve its efficacy as poor water solubility of citral has limited its anti-cancer therapeutic application.
F.L. Hakkim, H.A. Bakshi, S. Khan, M. Nasef, R. Farzand, S. Sam, L. Rashan, M. S. Al-Baloshi, S.S.A.A. Hasson, A. Al Jabri, P.A. McCarron, M.M. Tambuwala, Frankincense essential oil suppresses melanoma cancer through down regulation of Bcl-2/Bax cascade signaling and ameliorates hepatotoxicity via phase I and II drug metabolizing enzymes, Oncotarget 10 (2019). Article 3472.
C.C. Li, H.F. Yu, C.H. Chang, Y.T. Liu, H.T. Yao, Effects of lemongrass oil and citral on hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes, oxidative stress, and acetaminophen toxicity in rats, J. Food Drug Anal. 26 (2018) 432–438.
B. Bayala, I.H. Bassole, S. Maqdasy, S. Baron, J. Simpore, J.M.A. Lobaccaro, Cymbopogon citratus and Cymbopogon giganteus essential oils have cytotoxic effects on tumor cell cultures. Identification of citral as a new putative anti-proliferative molecule, Biochimie 153 (2018) 162–170. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29501481/ 本文有料 C. citratus essential oil contained 15 compounds and the major ones were geranial/citral A (48.18%) and neral/citral B (34.37%). Essential oil of C. citratus showed the highest ability to scavenge DPPH+ radicals (approximately 68% at 8 mg/mL) while C. giganteus exhibited the highest capability to reduce ABTS+ (0.59μmolET/g). The essential oil of C. citratus was the most effective on prostate cell lines LNCaP (IC50 = 6.36 μg/ml) and PC-3 (IC50 = 32.1 μg/ml), and on glioblastoma cell lines (SF-767 (IC50 = 45.13 μg/ml) and SF-763 (IC50 = 172.05 μg/ml). Interestingly, the activity of essential oil of C. citratus was statistically equal to that of its major component, citral. Combination of both oils showed antagonist, additive, indifferent and synergistic effects on LNCaP, PC-3, SF-767 and SF-763 cell lines, respectively.