解糖系を逆行して回路が閉じるのはなぜ?と不思議に思います。つまり、解糖系との関係がよくわからんというわけです。それに関しては、ストライヤーの生化学に明解な説明がありました。The flow of glucose 6-phosphate depends on the need for NADPH, ribose 5-phosphate, and ATP という節です(第3版の場合は431ページ Figure 18-2, 第8版の場合は608ページ Figure 20.23)。
The highest activity was found in lactating mammary gland and adipose tissue. Lung and liver showed to have a moderately high activity. Brain, kidney, skeletal muscle, and intestinal mucosa showed to have also a significant activity although less than other tissues. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10630623/
Vitamin D and the Kidney: Two Players, One Console Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(16), 9135; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23169135 Figure 1. Systemic effect of vitamin D. Ca, calcium; P, phosphorus; PTH, parathyroid hormone. この図がわかりやすいかも。
https://chat.openai.com/chat で質問してみました。What is cytochrome P450? 以下、その答えです。
Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) is a family of enzymes that play a crucial role in the metabolism of many drugs, toxins, and endogenous compounds in the human body. These enzymes are found in many tissues, including the liver, lungs, kidneys, and intestines, and are involved in the oxidation of organic substances.
CYP450 enzymes are responsible for the breakdown of a wide range of substances, including pharmaceutical drugs, hormones, and environmental toxins. They are important in drug metabolism because they can change the chemical structure of drugs, often making them more water-soluble and easier for the body to eliminate.
There are many different types of CYP450 enzymes, each with a unique structure and substrate specificity. These enzymes are identified by a specific number, such as CYP1A2 or CYP3A4, and are regulated by various factors, including genetics, diet, and environmental factors. Because of the important role that CYP450 enzymes play in drug metabolism, they are often the target of drug-drug interactions, which can affect the effectiveness and safety of medications.
12.1: Introduction to Redox (LibreText Chemistry) Electrons in an organic redox reaction often are transferred in the form of a hydride ion – a proton and two electrons. Because they occur in conjunction with the transfer of a proton, these are commonly referred to as hydrogenation and dehydrogenation reactions: a hydride plus a proton adds up to a hydrogen (H2) molecule.
Does TCA Cycle require oxygen? BYJU’S Despite the fact that oxygen isn’t directly involved in the TCA cycle, if it isn’t available, the TCA cycle will come to a halt due to a lack of NAD+ and FAD.