神経誘導に必要なシグナル経路はBMP、FGF、WNTのどれでしょうか?カエルやマウスやニワトリの論文をバラバラに読むと、いろいろなシグナルの重要性が報告されており、どれが本当のところ重要なのか整理がつきにくくなってきます。
動物種による違い
The molecular mechanism that initiates the formation of the vertebrate central nervous system has long been debated. Studies in Xenopus and mouse demonstrate that inhibition of BMP signaling is sufficient to induce neural tissue in explants or ES cells respectively, whereas studies in chick argue that instructive FGF signaling is also required for the expression of neural genes.
The response of early neural genes to FGF signaling or inhibition of BMP indicate the absence of a conserved neural induction module BMC Developmental Biology volume 11, Article number: 74 (2011)https://bmcdevbiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-213X-11-74
ニワトリ胚の神経誘導はカエルほど単純ではないようです。
In Xenopus, the release from the inhibitory, epidermal inducing signal bone morphogenetic protein-4 (BMP-4) by antagonizing secreted factors such as chordin, noggin, and follistatin, or by simple cell dissociation, seems to be sufficient to make ectodermal cells develop into neural tissue. Several lines of evidence in amniotes suggest a much higher degree of complexity. In the chick, inhibition of the BMP signaling pathway does not lead to neural differentiation, nor can BMPs prevent initial induction. However, antagonism between BMP-4 and chordin seems to play a role in controlling the extent of the neural plate once it is formed.
Cell Lineage and Fate Determination 1999, Pages 437-449 29 – More to Neural Induction Than Inhibition of BMPs Andrea Streit , Claudio D. Stern https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/B9780125052559500304?via%3Dihub
Consensus.aiに訊いてみました。
神経誘導に必要なシグナル:BMPかFGFか
神経誘導は、胚の外胚葉から脊椎動物の神経系を生成する最初のステップです。この過程において、BMP(骨形成タンパク質)とFGF(線維芽細胞成長因子)のシグナルがどのように関与しているかについて、多くの研究が行われています。
主要な知見
BMPの抑制が必要だが不十分
FGFシグナルの重要性
BMPとFGFの相互作用
モデル生物間の違い
結論
神経誘導にはBMPシグナルの抑制が必要ですが、それだけでは不十分であり、FGFシグナルも重要な役割を果たします。これらのシグナルは相互に作用し、神経運命の指定を促進します。したがって、神経誘導にはBMPの抑制とFGFシグナルの両方が必要です。
- Neural induction requires BMP inhibition only as a late step, and involves signals other than FGF and Wnt antagonists BMP 阻害は神経誘導の最終段階でのみ必要であり、FGF および Wnt 拮抗薬以外のシグナルが関与します。 C. Linker et al.
- Neural induction in Xenopus requires early FGF signalling in addition to BMP inhibition アフリカツメガエルにおける神経誘導には BMP 阻害が必要ですが、それだけでは十分ではありません。神経運命の出現には前胚 FGF シグナル伝達が必要です。 Emilie A Delaune et al.
- Integration of IGF, FGF, and anti-BMP signals via Smad1 phosphorylation in neural induction. 神経誘導は、Smad1 リン酸化を介した抗 BMP、FGF8、および IGF2 シグナルの統合によって生じます。 Genes & development E. Pera et al.
- BMP inhibition initiates neural induction via FGF signaling and Zic genes BMP 阻害は、FGF シグナル伝達と Zic 遺伝子を介して神経誘導を開始します。 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Leslie Marchal et al. 127 Citations 2009 Info Highly Cited Ask this paper icon button Study snapshot Save Cite Share
- BMP antagonists and FGF signaling contribute to different domains of the neural plate in Xenopus. BMP シグナル伝達の阻害は、アフリカツメガエル胚の外胚葉組織片における神経誘導には十分ですが、結論には sox 遺伝子発現の解釈によって若干の矛盾が生じます。 Developmental biology A. Wills et al. 46 Citations 2010 icon button Study snapshot Save Cite Share
- BMP signalling inhibits premature neural differentiation in the mouse embryo BMP シグナル伝達は哺乳類の神経誘導において中心的な役割を果たしますが、FGF は着床後のマウス胚において神経誘導因子として作用しません。 Aida Di-Gregorio et al. 188 Citations 2007 Info In Vitro Trial Info Highly Cited icon button Study snapshot Save Cite Share
- An early requirement for FGF signalling in the acquisition of neural cell fate in the chick embryo FGF シグナル伝達は、ニワトリ胚における BMP 発現の抑制と神経運命の獲得に必要です。 Current Biology S. Wilson et al. 342 Citations 2000 Info In Vitro Trial Info Highly Cited icon button Study snapshot Save Cite Share
- FGF/MAPK signaling is required in the gastrula epiblast for avian neural crest induction 鳥類の神経堤誘導には、胚葉形成中の神経堤上胚葉予定層内での FGF/MAPK シグナル伝達が必要である。 Development T. Stuhlmiller et al. 83 Citations 2012 Info In Vitro Trial Info Highly Cited icon button Study snapshot Save Cite Share
- The response of early neural genes to FGF signaling or inhibition of BMP indicate the absence of a conserved neural induction module BMP 阻害と FGF シグナル伝達は、それぞれの遺伝子の発現に異なるシグナル伝達要件を伴い、互いに独立して神経遺伝子を誘導します。 BMC Developmental Biology C. Rogers et al. 19 Citations 2011 Info In Vitro Trial icon button Study snapshot Save Cite Share
- Regulation of Neural Specification from Human Embryonic Stem Cells by BMP and FGF FGF は、神経誘導のための BMP シグナル伝達とは独立して、ヒトの神経の特異性を強化します。 STEM CELLS T. Lavaute et al. 97 Citations 2009 Info In Vitro Trial Info Highly Cited
カエル
- 15 November 2012 BMP, Wnt and FGF signals are integrated through evolutionarily conserved enhancers to achieve robust expression of Pax3 and Zic genes at the zebrafish neural plate border Development (2012) 139 (22): 4220–4231. https://journals.biologists.com/dev/article/139/22/4220/45624/BMP-Wnt-and-FGF-signals-are-integrated-through
- Development . 1996 Jun;122(6):1711-21. doi: 10.1242/dev.122.6.1711. Regulation of dorsal-ventral patterning: the ventralizing effects of the novel Xenopus homeobox gene Vox https://journals.biologists.com/dev/article/122/6/1711/39169/Regulation-of-dorsal-ventral-patterning-the
ニワトリ
- The acquisition of neural fate in the chick Mechanisms of Development Volume 121, Issue 9, September 2004, Pages 1031-1042 Mechanisms of Development Review https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0925477304001303
- Reciprocal Repression between Sox3 and Snail Transcription Factors Defines Embryonic Territories at Gastrulation Developmnetal Cell Volume 21, Issue 3, 13 September 2011, Pages 546-558
- Mechanisms of Development Volume 82, Issues 1–2, 1 April 1999, Pages 51-66 Mechanisms of Development Establishment and maintenance of the border of the neural plate in the chick: involvement of FGF and BMP activity https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0925477399000131
ゼブラフィッシュ
- Development . 2012 Nov;139(22):4220-31. doi: 10.1242/dev.081497. Epub 2012 Oct 3. BMP, Wnt and FGF signals are integrated through evolutionarily conserved enhancers to achieve robust expression of Pax3 and Zic genes at the zebrafish neural plate border Aaron T Garnett 1, Tyler A Square, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23034628/
神経堤細胞の誘導
Post-transcriptional tuning of FGF signaling mediates neural crest induction Jacqueline Copeland and Marcos Simoes-Costa simoescosta@cornell.eduAuthors Info & Affiliations PNAS December 21, 2020 117 (52) 33305-33316https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2009997117