W Henle, G Henle. INTERFERENCE OF INACTIVE VIRUS WITH THE PROPAGATION OF VIRUS OF INFLUENZA Science . 1943 Jul 23;98(2534):87-9. doi: 10.1126/science.98.2534.87.
In 1957, Alick Isaacs (1921–1965) and a post-doctoral Swiss student, Jean Lindenmann, were studying the phenomenon of “viral interference”—the ability of one virus to inhibit the replication of another virus. When 10-day-old chick chorioallontoic membranes from chick embryos were infected with heat or UV inactivated influenza virus, a material was produced that interfered with subsequent viral replication. (Interferons by Milton W. Taylor)
Interferons by Milton W. Taylor. Viruses and Man: A History of Interactions. 2014 Jul 22 : 101–119. Published online 2014 Jul 22. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-07758-1_7 PMCID: PMC7123835
Isaacs, A., Lindenmann, J. (1957). Virus interference. I. The interferon. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B, Containing papers of a Biological character Royal Society, 147(927), 258–267.
インターフェロンγは細胞傷害性T細胞によるがんゲノムの免疫エディティングに必要である IFN-γ is required for cytotoxic T cell-dependent cancer genome immunoediting 2017年2月24日 Nature Communications 8 : 14607 doi: 10.1038/ncomms14607
インターフェロンに関するセミナー動画
Hertzog P (2014): Interferon Signalling WEHI Seminars (Walter and Eliza Hall Institute Postgraduate lecture 14 April 2014 Professor Paul Hertzog Monash Institute of Medical Research)
phoronesis(実践知)は、響きから察せられるようにギリシャ語由来のようで、アリストテレスが説いたトピックだそう。実践知といっても、実生活で役立つというだけの意味ではなく、人間の徳に関する意味あいが強いようです。Youglish.comで紹介されていた動画に平易な英語での説明がありましたが、「it’s knowing how to do the right thing in the right way at the right time.」とのこと。やるべきことを適切な方法で適切な時期に行う知恵ということですね。
「科学の追求と実践知の涵養(Pursue Science and Cultivate Phronesis)」と同じコンセプトを持った活動を紹介した動画がYouglish.comで紹介された中にありました。
The New Science of Practical Wisdom 2020/01/25 University of California Television (UCTV)
COVID-19 INCIDENCE RATE The incidence rate is a measure of the frequency with which the event, in this case COVID-19, occurs over a specific period. Numerically, it is defined it as the number of new cases for the disease within a time frame, as a proportion of the number of people at risk for the disease.
Daily Case Incidence Rate Maps The seven-day incidence is calculated by taking the total number of unique cases in each county over the past seven days, divided by seven to get a daily average, divided by the U.S. census bureau county population and multiplied by 100,000 to get the incidence per 100,000 people.
ネイチャーマスタークラス(Nature Masterclasses)は、研究支援ビジネスで、その中のコースに説得力のある研究助成申請書作成(Persuasive Grant Writing)というものがあるようです。ウェブサイトはこちらhttps://masterclasses.nature.com/grant-writing/18994906
Narrative essays are written from a set point of view with sensory information, using intense adjectives and exact verbs. These essays can be anecdotal, experiential(経験に基づいた) and personal.
Narrative essays are initiated by selecting an incident that occurred in real life.
The narrative essay’s purpose is to tell a story, the persuasive essay aims to convince readers about an argument.
Narrative writing can be broadly defined as story writing – a piece of writing characterized by a main character in a setting who encounters a problem or engages in an interesting, significant or entertaining activity or experience. https://blog.empoweringwriters.com/toolbox/what-is-narrative-writing